The most common building material in our country, performing structural and thermal insulation functions in the external walls of buildings, is brick. About 40 % of heated buildings are being built from it. The thickness of the outer wall is built for reasons of giving it heat -shielding properties, depending on the climatic region of this object. As a result, the supporting wall has a huge strength supply. Therefore, the industry of building materials should focus on the release of heat-efficient brick in order to reduce the cost of heating buildings, as well as reduce the wall thickness. But basically a brick is produced with increased density and high brand, which at the same time has very low thermal protection properties. All this happened mainly due to the fact that factories cannot establish the desired allowance for the price for the thermotechnical efficiency of brick. It is easier for them to increase the brand of brick, and with it the price for it. This is justified when there is a need to use high -strength bricks for special structures or unheated buildings, as well as foundations, columns and fences.
During the construction of residential and administrative buildings made of red or white bricks of increased density, it is necessary to increase the thickness of the external walls sometimes by a complete brick in comparison with the usual. Otherwise, for decades, you will have to put up with an increased heat consumption for heating. As a rule, preference is given to the latter. In such buildings, residents install additional heating devices, which, in addition to increasing the energy consumption of heating, leads to an unjustified reward of metal.
Currently, the industry of building materials is increasing the production of hollow ceramic red bricks. For these purposes, the equipment of Italian, French and other foreign firms is purchased for brick factories. A brick with large voids is produced on them. The number of such plants is already calculated in dozens. When buying plants, they are guided primarily by high performance, and as for the sizes of voids, it is believed that the higher the voidness of the brick and the more easily it for these reasons, the higher its heat -crossed properties. This approach fully complies with the necessary requirements set forth in the current GOST 530-80 “Brick and ceramic stones. Specifications “. The thermotechnical efficiency of red brick in it is estimated by the density of the finished product, which contradicts the theoretical foundations of heat transfer in the enclosing structures.
Conducted experimental studies in the climatic chamber of hollow bricks and stones outside the masonry, recommended by GOST 530-80 to produce factories, showed that their thermal conductivity is not subject to direct dependence on density and void. Thermal conductivity of bricks and stones with low density can significantly exceed the thermal conductivity of higher density bricks; irrational location and size of voids. And thermal conductivity, for example, seven -shaped stone when directing the heat flux perpendicularly, a spoon by almost 40 % exceeds the value measured in the teapor. This has a significant impact on the durability and operational qualities of built brick buildings.