The topic of the press conference of the Deputy Prime Minister of the Government of the Russian Federation in. A. Yakovleva, which took place in the media center of the Izvestia newspaper, following the events in the Transvaal Park, were the “prospects for the development of the mortgage system in the light of the reform of the housing and communal services”. Naturally, journalists took the opportunity to clarify the situation with an emergency in Yasenev. But answers c. Yakovleva boiled down to one thing: there are many versions, all of them are checked by a specially created commission, we must wait for its conclusions.
Vladimir Anatolyevich did not make any report related to the main topic of the press conference, he simply invited the audience to ask him questions.
In a generalized form, the answers look like this.
From the moment when the word “mortgage” was first sounded and the state began to solve the problem of mortgage housing lending, 12 years have passed. Unfortunately, we have advanced over the years. At first, people thought about how to survive. And only recently they begin to think how to live. We are colossally behind the West. If in the United States, 90% of the fee pass through mortgage lending, and in Germany such loans make up 50% of the gross domestic product, then in Russia they are 0.07% of GDP.
A normal, comfortable dwelling is one of the main benefits for a modern person. In Russia, where income of a significant part of the population does not allow to collect the amount sufficient to buy an apartment in a short time, a loan is the most real way to improve the living conditions of the family.
What interferes with the development of mortgages? There are several reasons.
The first is an insufficiently formed legislative basis. For the spring parliamentary session, it is necessary to submit 20-25 legislative acts so that you can launch a mortgage in the mass order. The absence of some laws does not yet resolve many issues related to the confidence of banks to those to whom loans are issued, and vice versa. Last year, 146 banks took part in lending. But this is only a small share of the banking community.
While the mortgage is mainly social in nature,. e. loans are issued to the most in need of budgets of different levels. The first ten private, market loans were issued by Moscow banks. This is a traditional mortgage with an installment plan for 20 years under 15% per annum. It is this character that should have a mortgage lending to the mass. Studies say that 77% of the population of Russia would like to improve their living conditions, and 20%, having an apartment, would be eager to change it to a large one if their current area had taken the offset of the loan.
Banks have fears that in case of insolvency of the borrower, they will not be able to return their funds, t. To. Article 446 of the Civil Procedure Code of the Russian Federation is conflicting with a mortgage. Such disagreements must be eliminated. It is clear that a person cannot be thrown out into the street. So, it is necessary to create a certain housing stock where it will be possible to resettle those who cannot or do not want to pay a loan.
For several years there were practically no such cases. Nevertheless, it is necessary to insure bank structures, without this, mortgage lending is simply impossible. This will give the banks more confidence.
Of course, you need to use the existing law on mortgage securities that can solve part of the problems.
Our task is to create the most favorable conditions so that a person can take a loan. Reduce the loads that weight it, reduce various registration, notarial interest. Even such simple issues should be resolved as simplifying the procedure for drawing up a bank contract. It takes now 3-4 months now. There must be some window that will reduce this procedure, there must be uniform rules, a transparent system, etc. D.
IN. A. Yakovlev is sure that within 2004. Work on the creation of the legislative framework will be completed, and the next year the number of Russians who want to receive loans, and banks ready to issue them will significantly increase.
The second reason inhibiting the mortgage is the absence of sufficient volumes of built housing. The Deputy Prime Minister recalled that over the past year 36 million have been introduced in Russia. m² of living space, but in 1986. 76 million were built. M²! The task is now set – by 2010. bring the volume annually in charge of housing to 80 million. M², although this is not enough to create a normal market balance of mortgage lending if the process accepts a massive nature.
It is necessary to increase the capacities of the industrial materials industry, to speed up the process of mechanization of building production, and finally, there should be more people who know and well prepared in the construction complex.
The third reason is in insufficient engineering preparation of territories for development. While the engineering infrastructure is very far behind the needs of time, there are not enough capacities in water, heat, gas. Their development must be carried out in a single technological chain. The interests of both federal and regional bodies should be concentrated on all these problems. It is proposed in the budgets of both those and others to lay funds for the development of engineering, while the regions should not “wind up” various overhead costs for those who are engaged in the construction in the territory.
There are good examples. Our president got acquainted with the experience of social mortgages in Chuvashia, where at the birth of each child the family is given a loan in the amount of 18 m² of housing. There is the same practice in Novosibirsk.
The state does not leave the social problem determined by the Constitution of the Russian Federation – to support those who cannot solve housing issues on their own, and create the most favorable conditions for them.
Recently, in the Dubna near Moscow, on the initiative of the State Construction of Russia with the participation of the Ministry of Housing and City Development of the United States, as well as the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank) and AIG United Granty, an international seminar dedicated to mortgage housing lending. It was carried out as part of the memorandum of cooperation concluded in 2003. between the Gosstroy of Russia and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Development of the United States. Its participants learned a lot of new and useful.
IN. A. Yakovlev, who was present at the seminar, especially noted the speech of the President of the State National Mortgage Association of the United States Ronald Rosenfeld, who told how a similar process took place in America and that from their experience it is possible to transfer to Russia. The conversation is confirmed by a specific case. An agreement for the construction of the Americans in our country is concluded by 10 thousand. apartments with an installment plan for paying payments within 15 years for very acceptable interest.
Another example of good interaction is an agreement between the administration of the Chuvash Republic, the Gosstroy of the Russian Federation and the Hungarian mortgage center. The latter allocated 100 million for the construction of housing in Russia. euro, and it is already being conducted.
Everything in our country, both state people and ordinary citizens, must understand how important the mortgage is now. When they understand it at the top and below, the process will go faster.
N. Fedorova, special. Corr.
Photo s. Mikheeva